Illustration showing app store keyword research process with search bar, keyword metrics dashboard, and mobile device mockups for iOS and Google Play optimization.

Keyword research is the foundation of every successful App Store Optimization (ASO) strategy. No matter how beautiful your screenshots are or how compelling your description reads, none of it matters if users cannot find your app in the first place. Over 65% of app downloads begin with a search query in the App Store or Google Play^[1], which means ranking for the right keywords is not optional — it is essential for growth.

Yet most developers approach keyword research as an afterthought. They pick a handful of obvious terms, paste them into their metadata, and wonder why downloads stay flat. The truth is that effective keyword research is a systematic, data-driven process that requires understanding search behavior, analyzing competition, and continuously iterating based on real ranking data.

This guide walks you through the complete keyword research process, from brainstorming your first seed keywords to mapping them across your metadata fields and tracking your rankings over time. Whether you are optimizing for the Apple App Store, Google Play, or both, you will leave with a repeatable framework for finding keywords that actually rank.

Why Keyword Research Is the Foundation of ASO

Think of keyword research as the compass that guides every other ASO decision you make. Your app title, subtitle, description, and even your screenshot text should all be informed by the keywords your target users are actually searching for.

Here is why keywords matter so much:

Search is the #1 discovery channel: App Store data consistently shows that search drives the majority of organic installs on both platforms. If you are not ranking for relevant terms, you are invisible to the users who need your app most.
Keywords drive qualified traffic: Unlike paid ads or social media, search users have high intent. Someone searching "budget tracker" is actively looking for a budgeting app. Ranking for that term puts you in front of ready-to-install users.
Keywords inform your entire listing: The keywords you research should shape your title, subtitle, description, and even your visual assets. A cohesive keyword strategy makes every element of your listing work harder.
Keyword rankings compound over time: Unlike paid campaigns that stop the moment you stop spending, strong organic keyword rankings generate downloads around the clock. Investing in keyword research pays dividends for months or even years.

The bottom line: if you skip keyword research, you are building your entire ASO strategy on guesswork. And guesswork does not scale.

How App Store Search Works: Apple vs Google Play

Before diving into keyword research tactics, you need to understand how each platform's search algorithm differs. Apple and Google take fundamentally different approaches to indexing and ranking apps, and your keyword strategy must account for these differences.

Apple App Store Search

Apple's search algorithm is relatively straightforward in terms of which metadata fields it indexes^[2]:

App Name (Title): 30 characters. Carries the highest keyword weight. Words in your title have the strongest influence on search rankings.
Subtitle: 30 characters. Also indexed for search with slightly less weight than the title.
Keyword Field: 100 characters. A hidden backend field where you list additional keywords separated by commas (no spaces needed).

Crucially, Apple does not index your app description for search. This means every keyword you want to rank for must appear in your title, subtitle, or keyword field. Apple's algorithm also automatically considers plurals and some common misspellings, so you generally do not need to include both "tracker" and "trackers" — one will suffice.

The golden rule for Apple: never duplicate keywords across your title, subtitle, and keyword field. Apple treats all three fields as a combined set. If "budget" appears in your title, there is zero benefit to repeating it in your keyword field. That repetition wastes characters you could use for a completely different keyword.

Google Play Search

Google Play uses a more web-like approach to indexing, drawing heavily from Google's search expertise:

App Title: 30 characters. Carries the strongest keyword weight, similar to Apple.
Short Description: 80 characters. Indexed and carries moderate weight.
Full Description: 4,000 characters. Fully indexed using natural language processing. Keyword placement and density matter here.

Unlike Apple, Google Play does not have a hidden keyword field. Instead, Google analyzes your full description to determine what your app is about. This means your Google Play description needs to naturally incorporate your target keywords — repeating important terms 3-5 times without keyword stuffing.

Google also considers additional signals like backlinks to your Play Store listing, user reviews and their content, engagement metrics (install rate, retention), and even your developer name. This makes Google Play SEO more complex but also gives you more levers to pull for improving rankings.

Understanding Keyword Metrics: Volume, Difficulty, and Relevance

Not all keywords are created equal. Before you commit a keyword to your metadata, you need to evaluate it across three critical dimensions.

Search Volume

Search volume measures how many times users search for a specific term within the app store each month. A keyword with zero volume is worthless no matter how relevant it is — nobody is searching for it. Conversely, extremely high-volume keywords like "game" or "social media" may have millions of searches but are nearly impossible to rank for.

Most ASO tools score volume on a scale of 0-100, where higher numbers indicate more monthly searches. A score of 50+ generally indicates meaningful search traffic worth pursuing, though the exact threshold depends on your app's category and competitive landscape.

Keyword Difficulty

Keyword difficulty measures how competitive a term is — how hard it will be to break into the top results. Difficulty is determined by the number and strength of apps already ranking for that keyword. If the top 10 results for "photo editor" are dominated by apps with millions of downloads and thousands of ratings, a new app will struggle to crack that list.

The sweet spot is keywords with moderate-to-high volume and low-to-moderate difficulty. These are the hidden gems that can drive meaningful downloads without requiring a massive existing user base to compete. Tools like AppDrift's keyword tracking provide difficulty scores that help you identify these opportunities quickly.

Relevance

Relevance is the most overlooked metric, yet it might be the most important. A keyword can have massive volume and low difficulty, but if it does not accurately describe what your app does, the users who find you through that keyword will bounce immediately. High bounce rates (users who install then quickly uninstall) send negative signals to the algorithm and can actually hurt your rankings across the board.

Always ask: "If someone searches for this keyword and finds my app, will they be satisfied with what they download?" If the answer is not a confident yes, skip the keyword and find a more relevant alternative.

Step 1: Brainstorm Seed Keywords

Every keyword research process starts with seed keywords — the broad, foundational terms that describe your app's core functionality. These seeds will branch into dozens of more specific keyword opportunities through the research process.

Brainstorming process for app store seed keywords showing a mind map with core app features branching into related search terms and user intent categories.

Think Like Your Users

The most common mistake developers make is brainstorming keywords from their own perspective rather than their users'. You might think of your app as a "personal finance management platform" but your users are searching for "budget tracker," "expense app," or "money manager."

Start by answering these questions:

What problem does your app solve? (e.g., "track spending," "learn Spanish," "edit photos")
What category does it belong to? (e.g., "fitness app," "recipe app," "meditation app")
What features differentiate it? (e.g., "AI workout planner," "offline maps," "calorie counter")
What would a non-technical user type into the search bar?

Mine Your Reviews and Support Tickets

Your existing users are a goldmine for keyword ideas. Read through your app reviews and support tickets to find the exact language people use when describing your app. If multiple users describe your app as a "habit tracker" but your metadata never mentions that phrase, you are missing a keyword opportunity hiding in plain sight.

Use AppDrift's Free Keyword Suggestion Tool

Once you have a list of 10-15 seed keywords, expand them using AppDrift's free keyword suggestion tool. Enter each seed keyword and the tool will return related terms, long-tail variations, and trending alternatives that you might not have considered. This can quickly turn 15 seed keywords into 50-100 candidates for evaluation.

Step 2: Analyze Competitor Keywords

Your competitors have already done a significant amount of keyword testing. By analyzing which keywords your top competitors rank for, you can shortcut your own research and discover proven opportunities.

Identify Your Real Competitors

Your keyword competitors are not necessarily your business competitors. A small meditation app might compete for keywords with Headspace and Calm, but it also competes with sleep sound apps, breathing exercise tools, and yoga timer apps. Search for your primary keywords and note every app that appears in the top 10 — those are your keyword competitors.

Reverse-Engineer Their Strategy

For each competitor, examine:

Their app title and subtitle: What keywords are they prioritizing in their most valuable real estate?
Their keyword field (iOS): While you cannot see this directly, tools like AppDrift's competitor analysis can reveal which keywords competitors rank for.
Their description (Google Play): Look for repeated phrases and prominent terms in their Play Store description.
Their recent changes: If a competitor recently changed their title, they likely tested and found a better keyword strategy. Pay attention to these shifts.

Find Gaps and Opportunities

The real gold in competitor analysis is finding keywords that your competitors rank for but you do not — and vice versa. Look for terms where competitors have weak rankings (positions 10-30) because these represent opportunities where you could potentially outrank them with focused optimization.

Step 3: Use Autocomplete and Suggest Tools for Long-Tail Ideas

Long-tail keywords are longer, more specific search phrases that typically have lower volume but also lower competition. For many apps, long-tail keywords drive the majority of quality installs because they capture highly specific user intent.

App Store Autocomplete

The simplest long-tail research method is free and built right into the stores. Start typing your seed keywords into the App Store or Google Play search bar and note the autocomplete suggestions. These suggestions are based on actual user search behavior, making them extremely valuable signals of what real people are looking for.

For example, typing "budget" might reveal autocomplete suggestions like:

"budget planner for couples"
"budget tracker with categories"
"budget app no subscription"
"budget calculator for students"

Each of these represents a specific user need that you could potentially target with your metadata.

Systematic Long-Tail Expansion

Use the alphabet technique: type your seed keyword followed by each letter of the alphabet (e.g., "fitness a," "fitness b," "fitness c") and record every autocomplete suggestion. This systematic approach ensures you do not miss valuable long-tail opportunities.

You can also append common modifiers to your seed keywords:

Action words: "best," "free," "easy," "top"
Use cases: "for beginners," "for kids," "for business"
Features: "with AI," "offline," "no ads"
Platform: "for iPhone," "for iPad," "for Android"

Step 4: Evaluate Keyword Difficulty vs Opportunity

Now that you have a large list of keyword candidates, it is time to separate the winners from the time-wasters. This evaluation phase is where data-driven decisions replace gut instincts.

Keyword evaluation matrix showing a scatter plot of keyword volume versus difficulty scores, highlighting the sweet spot quadrant of high volume and low difficulty keywords.

Create a Keyword Scoring Matrix

For each keyword candidate, record four data points:

Search Volume Score: How many people search for this term monthly (0-100 scale)
Difficulty Score: How competitive the top results are (0-100 scale)
Relevance Score: How well this keyword matches your app's core value (1-10 scale, scored manually)
Current Ranking: Where you currently rank for this term, if at all

The ideal keywords are those that fall in the "sweet spot": relevance of 7+, volume of 40+, and difficulty under 50. These represent achievable opportunities with meaningful traffic potential.

Prioritize Based on Impact

Not all keywords deserve equal attention. Prioritize keywords where:

You already rank in positions 5-20 (a small push could move you onto page one)
The volume-to-difficulty ratio is favorable (high volume relative to difficulty)
The keyword aligns with your app's strongest features
Competitor analysis shows a gap you can exploit

Use AppDrift's keyword density checker to analyze how well your current metadata covers your target keywords before making changes.

Step 5: Map Keywords to Metadata Fields

With your prioritized keyword list in hand, the next step is strategically distributing those keywords across your metadata fields for maximum ranking impact.

iOS Keyword Mapping

On iOS, you have three indexed fields with strict character limits. Here is how to allocate your keywords:

Title (30 characters): Place your single highest-priority keyword here. The title carries the most ranking weight, so your #1 target keyword must appear in this field. Combine it with your brand name using a separator like a hyphen or colon.

Subtitle (30 characters): Place your #2 and #3 priority keywords here. The subtitle should complement the title, not repeat it. Use this space for secondary keywords that describe additional features or use cases.

Keyword Field (100 characters): Pack this field with every remaining keyword on your priority list. Critical formatting rules:

Separate keywords with commas only (no spaces after commas)
Do not repeat any word that already appears in your title or subtitle
Use singular forms only (Apple handles pluralization automatically)
Do not include your app name, category name, or the word "app"
Skip prepositions and articles ("the," "a," "for") unless they are essential to a multi-word phrase

For example, if your title is "BudgetPal - Money Tracker" and your subtitle is "Expense Manager & Planner," your keyword field should not contain "budget," "money," "tracker," "expense," "manager," or "planner" since they are already indexed from your other fields. Instead, fill it with entirely new keywords like "spending,saving,finance,bill,debt,income,wallet,cash,salary,net worth."

Google Play Keyword Mapping

Google Play's approach is different since there is no hidden keyword field. Your keywords must be integrated naturally into your visible metadata:

Title (30 characters): Same principle as iOS — place your #1 keyword here alongside your brand name.

Short Description (80 characters): Include 2-3 priority keywords while writing a compelling sentence that encourages users to read more.

Full Description (4,000 characters): This is where Google Play keyword strategy diverges most from iOS. Weave your target keywords naturally throughout the description, aiming for 3-5 mentions of your primary keyword and 2-3 mentions of secondary keywords. Front-load important keywords in the first 1-2 sentences, as Google gives more weight to terms that appear early.

If you need help generating keyword-optimized metadata, AppDrift's AI metadata generation can create App Store and Google Play descriptions that naturally incorporate your target keywords while maintaining readability.

Step 6: Track Rankings and Iterate

Keyword research is not a one-time task. It is an ongoing cycle of testing, measuring, and refining. The apps that consistently dominate search results are the ones that treat keyword optimization as a continuous process rather than a launch-day checkbox.

Set Up Daily Tracking

After updating your metadata, you need to monitor how your rankings change for each target keyword. AppDrift's keyword tracking lets you monitor daily ranking changes across all your target keywords, providing historical trend data and competitor movement alerts so you can react quickly to shifts in the competitive landscape.

Key metrics to track include:

Ranking position: Your current position for each target keyword, tracked daily
Ranking velocity: Whether your position is improving, stable, or declining
Competitor movements: How competitor rankings change relative to yours
Search volume trends: Whether keyword popularity is growing or shrinking

The Iteration Cycle

Every 4-6 weeks, review your keyword performance and make adjustments:

Double down on winners: If a keyword is rising in rankings but not yet on page one, consider promoting it to a higher-weight field (e.g., moving it from the keyword field to the subtitle).
Replace underperformers: Keywords that have shown no ranking improvement after 6-8 weeks should be swapped for new candidates from your research pipeline.
Capitalize on seasonal trends: Some keywords spike during certain times of year (e.g., "tax calculator" in January-April, "fitness tracker" in January). Plan metadata updates to capture these seasonal surges.
React to competitors: If a competitor drops a keyword from their title, they may have found it underperforming. Conversely, if a new competitor enters your keyword space, you may need to adjust your strategy.

iOS-Specific Keyword Strategies

Apple's App Store has unique characteristics that require specialized tactics. Mastering these nuances can give you a significant edge over competitors who use a one-size-fits-all approach.

Diagram showing the iOS keyword field structure with 100-character limit, comma separation rules, and examples of optimized versus wasted keyword field entries.

The 100-Character Keyword Field: Advanced Tactics

The hidden keyword field is your most flexible ASO tool on iOS. Here are advanced techniques for maximizing its impact:

Use single words, not phrases: Apple combines words from all three metadata fields to match multi-word searches. If "budget" is in your title and "planner" is in your keyword field, Apple will match the search query "budget planner." You do not need to list the full phrase.
Include competitor brand misspellings: Users often misspell competitor names. If a competitor is "Headspace," users might search "headpsace" or "head space." However, avoid using exact competitor trademarks as Apple may reject your update.
Test localized keyword fields: Even in English-speaking markets, you can use the keyword field for different English localizations (US English, UK English, Australian English) to effectively triple your keyword capacity. Apple indexes all active locale keyword fields for users in overlapping markets.
Drop unnecessary characters: Every character counts. Remove spaces after commas, use numerals instead of spelled-out numbers ("5" not "five"), and omit articles and prepositions.

Leveraging Apple's Search Algorithm

Apple's algorithm considers several factors beyond keyword presence in your metadata. Understanding these ranking signals helps you build a more complete strategy, and they are explored in depth in our guide to app store ranking factors for 2026:

Download velocity: How quickly your app is gaining new installs relative to competitors ranking for the same keyword.
Ratings and reviews: Apps with higher ratings and more reviews tend to rank better. Both quantity and recency matter.
Engagement signals: User retention, session length, and in-app activity all influence rankings indirectly by affecting how Apple's algorithm perceives your app's quality.
Conversion rate: If users who see your listing frequently install your app, the algorithm rewards you with better visibility.

Google Play-Specific Keyword Strategies

Google Play's search algorithm behaves more like traditional web SEO, which opens up additional optimization levers that do not exist on iOS.

Description Indexing and Keyword Density

Since Google Play fully indexes your description, how you write it directly impacts your keyword rankings:

Optimal keyword density: Aim for 2-3% density for your primary keyword. In a 2,000-character description, that means mentioning your primary keyword 4-6 times. Use the keyword density checker to verify your density before publishing.
Front-load keywords: Place your most important keywords in the first sentence and first paragraph of your description. Google gives more weight to terms that appear early in your content.
Use semantic variations: Google's NLP engine understands synonyms and related terms. Instead of repeating "budget tracker" five times, vary it with "expense tracker," "money manager," "spending monitor," and "financial planner." This creates a richer semantic footprint.
Structure with formatting: Use bullet points, line breaks, and clear sections. Well-structured descriptions tend to rank better because Google can parse the content more effectively.

Backlinks and External SEO

Unlike Apple, Google factors in external signals when ranking Play Store listings:

Backlinks to your listing: Links from reputable websites to your Google Play listing can boost your search rankings. Pursue coverage on tech blogs, app review sites, and industry publications.
Web search authority: Google may cross-reference your app's web presence when determining rankings. A strong website with relevant content can indirectly help your Play Store visibility.
Social signals: Mentions and links on social media platforms may contribute to your app's perceived authority in Google's algorithm.

Common Keyword Research Mistakes

Even experienced app developers fall into these keyword research traps. Avoid these mistakes to save time and maximize your ranking potential.

1. Targeting Only High-Volume Keywords

It is tempting to chase the highest-volume keywords, but these are almost always dominated by established apps with millions of downloads. A new app targeting "photo editor" (extremely high volume, extremely high competition) will likely never crack the top 50. Instead, target "photo editor for Instagram stories" or "photo editor with vintage filters" — lower volume, but achievable rankings that drive real installs.

2. Duplicating Keywords Across iOS Fields

As mentioned earlier, repeating keywords across your title, subtitle, and keyword field on iOS is a waste of precious characters. Apple indexes all three fields together, so any duplication is literally throwing away keyword opportunities.

3. Ignoring Localization Opportunities

Many developers only optimize keywords for their primary language, missing massive opportunities in other markets. Even if your app only supports English, you can localize your metadata (title, subtitle, keywords) for non-English-speaking markets to capture users who search in their native language. This is an area where localization expertise can multiply your keyword coverage exponentially.

4. Setting and Forgetting

Keyword rankings are not static. Competitors constantly update their metadata, new apps enter the market, and search trends evolve. Developers who update their keywords once and never revisit them will inevitably lose ground to more active competitors.

5. Keyword Stuffing

On Google Play especially, stuffing your description with unnatural keyword repetition can trigger algorithmic penalties and make your listing read poorly to actual users. Your description needs to be persuasive and keyword-optimized — not one at the expense of the other.

6. Neglecting Long-Tail Keywords

Many developers focus exclusively on short, generic keywords and ignore long-tail alternatives. Yet long-tail keywords often convert at higher rates because they match more specific user intent. An app ranking #1 for "meal planner for diabetics" will likely see better install rates than one ranking #8 for "meal planner."

How AppDrift Helps With Keyword Research

Effective keyword research requires the right tools. Manual research can uncover seed keywords, but scaling that process and tracking results demands purpose-built software.

AppDrift's keyword tracking platform provides the data you need to make informed keyword decisions:

Keyword difficulty scores: See at a glance how competitive each keyword is, so you can focus on achievable opportunities instead of wasting time on terms you cannot win.
Daily rank tracking: Monitor your position for every target keyword with daily updates. Spot ranking improvements early and react to declines before they become trends.
Competitor keyword intelligence: Discover which keywords your competitors rank for and identify gaps where you can gain an advantage.
Search volume trends: Track how keyword popularity changes over time to capitalize on rising trends and avoid declining ones.
Keyword suggestions: Get AI-powered keyword recommendations based on your app's category, description, and current keyword performance.

Combined with AI-powered metadata generation, you can go from keyword research to fully optimized metadata in minutes instead of hours.

Free Keyword Research Tools and Resources

You do not need a large budget to start doing effective keyword research. Here are free resources that can jumpstart your process:

AppDrift Keyword Suggestion Tool: Enter a seed keyword and get related suggestions with volume and difficulty estimates. Completely free to use.
AppDrift Keyword Density Checker: Paste your Google Play description and see exactly how frequently each keyword appears. Essential for avoiding both under-optimization and keyword stuffing.
App Store and Google Play Autocomplete: As described above, the built-in autocomplete in both stores is a free, real-time signal of what users are actually searching for.
Apple Search Ads (Keyword Planner): If you set up an Apple Search Ads account (no spend required), you can access Apple's keyword planner tool to see relative search popularity for any term.
Google Trends: While designed for web search, Google Trends can reveal seasonal patterns and growing interest in terms that translate to app store search behavior.

Putting It All Together: A Keyword Research Workflow

Here is the complete workflow for conducting app store keyword research from start to finish:

Brainstorm 15-20 seed keywords by thinking about your app's features, category, and user problems. Mine reviews and support tickets for user language.
Expand seeds to 50-100 candidates using autocomplete, the keyword suggestion tool, and long-tail expansion techniques.
Analyze competitor keywords using competitor analysis tools to find proven opportunities and market gaps.
Score each keyword on volume, difficulty, and relevance. Create a prioritized list sorted by impact potential.
Map your top keywords across title, subtitle, keyword field (iOS), and description (Google Play). Ensure zero duplication on iOS.
Publish your update and set up daily keyword tracking for all target terms.
Review and iterate every 4-6 weeks. Replace underperformers, promote winners, and add new candidates from ongoing research.

Keyword research is not a one-time project. It is an ongoing discipline that separates the apps that grow consistently from those that stagnate. By following this framework, you build a systematic, data-driven approach to ASO that compounds in value over time.

The apps that dominate search did not get there by accident. They invested in understanding what their users search for, how the algorithms work, and which keywords represent the best opportunities for growth. Start your keyword research today, and you will be laying the foundation for sustained organic growth that no amount of paid advertising can replace.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many keywords can I add in the App Store keyword field?

Apple provides a 100-character keyword field for each locale in App Store Connect. Keywords must be separated by commas with no spaces. You should not duplicate words that already appear in your app title or subtitle, as Apple indexes all three fields together. This means you effectively have up to 160 characters of indexed keyword real estate across title, subtitle, and keyword field.

Does Google Play index keywords from the app description?

Yes, Google Play indexes keywords from your full description, short description, and title. Unlike Apple, Google Play does not have a hidden keyword field. Instead, it uses natural language processing to extract relevant terms from your description text. Repeating a keyword 3-5 times naturally throughout the description can help signal relevance without triggering keyword stuffing penalties.

How long does it take for keyword ranking changes to take effect?

On the Apple App Store, keyword ranking changes typically take effect within 24-48 hours after your new app version or metadata update goes live. On Google Play, changes can take longer, often 1-3 weeks, because Google re-crawls and re-indexes your listing periodically. Track rankings daily during this period to measure the impact of your changes accurately.

What is the difference between keyword volume and difficulty?

Keyword volume represents how many people search for a particular term in the app store each month. Keyword difficulty measures how hard it is to rank in the top results for that term, based on the strength and number of competing apps. The best keyword strategy targets terms with moderate-to-high volume and low-to-moderate difficulty, giving you the best chance of ranking on page one.

Should I use the same keywords for both App Store and Google Play?

Your core keywords should be similar since user intent is the same across platforms. However, the implementation differs significantly. On iOS, you place keywords in the hidden 100-character field using comma separation. On Google Play, you weave keywords naturally into your description. Search behavior can vary by platform, so use platform-specific keyword research tools to uncover differences in search volume and competition.

How often should I update my app store keywords?

Most ASO experts recommend reviewing and updating your keywords every 4-6 weeks. Seasonal trends, competitor changes, and shifts in user search behavior all affect keyword performance. Track your rankings continuously and look for keywords that are declining or stagnating. Each app update is an opportunity to test new keyword combinations and improve your discoverability.

Google Play Keywords

App Store Keyword Research: The Step-by-Step Guide to Finding Keywords That Rank